Reenforced floor construction



T. H. TISE REENFORCED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION Sept. 23, 1930.

Filed Aug. 28, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 p 3, 1930. r. H. TISE REENFORCED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 28. 1926 Sept. 23, 1930. 'r. H. TISE RBENFORCED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 28, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I. v I v gnwnfoi Sept. 23, 1930. 1155 REENFORCED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 28. 1926 V lLllllllL \r VI. l l ll Jl 4 4 Sept. 23, 1930. T. H. TlSE REENFORCED FLOQR CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 28, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 4H Aw A. I Zlrvugntoi;

Streaming:

Patented Sept. 23,1930 i 1,776,572

' THOMAS H. TISE, OF WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA REENFORCED FLOOR CONSTRUCTION Application filed. August 28, 1926. Serial No. 132,248.

This invention relates to floorconstructions along section line 5-5 of Fig. 1 and looking of the type in whichhollow blocks are emin the direction of the arrow; ployed to form channels in which concrete Fig. 6 is a plan View of a positive un1t; and reenforcing bars are placed, and particu- Figs. 7 and 8 are side elevations of the 5 larly to two-way constructions in which two upper and lower sections, respectlvely, of a 65 sets of beams are formed at right angles to ps1t1ve unit;

each oth r, Fig. 9 is a plan view of a negative unit; In my copending applications Ser. Nos. Figs. 10 and 11 are side elevations of the 52,416, fil d A t 25, 1925, d 107,696 upper and lower sectlons, respectively, ot a 10 filed May 8, 1926, I have described floor connegatlve unlt;

structions in which blocks of two types are g- 1S a P Of a p sl lv -negaused at the beam sections which are sub- P- v N jected to positive and to' negative bending g 13 mm A 941:6 Slde l i y' the moments, respectively. The present invenupper and lower sectlons: p l; of the tion also relates to floor constructions in Same' 65 which the blocks which define and form parts 7 AS shown 111 the lntelsecb'lllg a of the beams are of difi'erent shapes in 210- Such as 1 d BwB, respectlvely. are cordance with the bending moment to which. {formed by deposltmg Concrete and reenlolfc' the sections of the beams are subject. mgba'rs between fi b 2 3 ph Hints .0 Objects of the invention are, to provide wh ch are ahned in two olrections at right two-way floor constructions in which the e ,f a i F 2 blocks carry their fullshare of the load and m 9 t cllgqtlons 3 g in which the blocks are adequately connectmg 23 he S t ed to the concrete to resist vertical and horiare f to 3 1 ym O1 ts O1 zontal shear. Further objectsare to provide i eagls i gi i' 1 Sui? positive, negative and mixed positive and ts- ,9 0 negative unit blocks for incorporation in the Sn lee p051 1V0 [inc J f i p end sections are subJect to neeative bendin floor COHStIUClJlOIl. More specifically, an ob- M Q 5 moments. As shown diaglannnatlcally in 361mb Q n 8 Fig. 1,.the sections which are subject to posiby foi cooperation with the section of the b eam hnesand the Sections -sub-]ect to negative V bending moments are indicated by heavy Whlch the respectwe. Slde are lines. At the central portion of the floor born l d' These and h Oblects the sets of beams are subject to positive bendlnventloll be apparent the follow" ing moments and at the four corners of the 1ng speclficatlon when talren wlth the accomfloor both sets of beams are subject to negm P y e l g 111 l i I tive bending moments. Along intermediate g- 115 a dmgmnulmtlc P Y a portions of the edges of the floor, however, two-way fioorconstructlon embodying the 1n the t t f i t tin beams are not i i subject to bending moments of the same charg- 2 1S a PQSP 716W P apol'tlon acter. For example, at the inter-dec sion of of the floor as viewed along sectlon line 22 beams A A d Bag b AMA i b- Fig. 1, and looking in the direction of the j t t ti b di moments hil r 45 E V beam B-B is subject to positive bending Figs. 3 and 4 are iragmentary vertlcal secmomenta @0118 taken on 111165 and P In accordance with the invention, I prot1vely,of Fig. 2; vide filler blocks or units of three different Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view, in perspectypes in accordance with the section of the 5" tive, of a portion of the floor as seen when out floor in which the. particular blocks are to be incorporated. At the central portion of the floor the positive units P, and at the corners the negative units N, are provided with four similarly shaped side walls respectively, since the intersecting beams are subject to bending moments of the same character at these positions; but along the intermediate sections of the edges the blocks P-ll are provided with side walls of diiferent coir struction according to the different character of he beams which intersect at that portion of the floor. The reference characters C and R indicate respectively the concrete and reenforcing bars which lie within the intersecting channels and provide the main portion of the beams.

All of the blocks are formed in two parts which meet approximately at the central plane of the beams. The upper section of the positive unit block has a flat top wall 10 and four side walls 11 which are of equal length and are normal to the top wall. The lower edge of each side wall. 11 is not parallel to the top wall 10 but is formed by a number of short and oppositely inclined surfaces 12 which form a wavy or serrated surface. Each side wall 11 is provided with a number of recesses 13 which flare upwardly from the lower edge of the walls. The section is reenforced by an internal rib 14 which has the form of a square inscribed Withinthe side walls 11, the corners of the square being connected to the centers of the respective side walls by ribs 15. The ribs 14: and 15 terminate in a horizontal plane which is symmetrically arranged with respect to the inclined surfaces 12 whichform the loweris formed by a plurality'of shortinclined surfaces 18 which contact with the adjacent inclined surfaces 12 of the upper section when the unit is assembled. The lower section is provided with a reenforcement 19 of the same shape as the reenforcement of the upper section, which reenforcing rib terminates in a horizontal plane so positioned that the iiiternal ribs contact when the side walls are engaged. The recesses 20 flare downwardly from the upper edge of the side wall and in alineinent with the corresponding recesses 13 of the topsection. The lower portion of each side wallis undercut as at 21 to provide adequate space for the concrete to pass around and beneath the reenforcing bars. The bottom wall 16 is extended along each side to. form the spacing flanges 22 from which the side wall and the junction of these two sections forms a seat for a reenforcing bar ll, as shown in Fig. 3.

The negative units have the same overall dimensions as the positive units but differ therefrom in the design of the side walls and bar supports.

The square top wall 24 of the negative unit block is of less size than the square top of the positive units P. The four side walls 25 of the upper section of the negative unit N are of equal length and extend downwardly and outwardly from the top wall 24:. Each of the side walls is formed with a plurality of recesses 26 which extend vertically across the wa s and contract in width toward the lower edges thereof. The uppc' section is reenfor-ccd by a rib 2'? which has the form of a square inscribed within the side walls 25 and is joined to the central portions thereof by short connecting ribs 28. The lower face 29 of the reenforcement lies sub stantially in the horizontal median plane of the assembled block. Each side wall 25 terminates in a plurality of short surfaces 30 which are inclined in opposite directions and are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane of the surface 29 of the i'eenforccment. The lower section of the negative unit comprises a bottom wall 31 and four side walls normal thereto and merging into the respective side walls 25 of the upper section when the block is assembled. Each side wall is provided with downwardly flaring recesses which align with the corresponding re: esses 26 of the upper side walls and are of the same width at their junctions. The upper surface of the side walls is serrated to engage tae complementary surfaces 30 of the upper walls and the section is reenforccd with the internal rib 35 which is of thsame shape and is vertically aligned with the ribs 27 and 28 of the upper section. The rib 35 terminates in a plane surface 36 for engagement with the corresponding surface 29 of the upper reenforcement. The four spacing flanges 3'? of the negative unit block are of the me length as the corresponding 22 of the positive units but are of greater width since the spacing of the side walls of the negative unit is less than that of the positive unit. A number of ribs 38 extend upwardly from each flange and the upper surfaces of these ribs incline downwardly toward the edge of the block, thus providing a V-shaped seat for a single reenforcing rod when the blocks are assembled, Fig. 4.

The positive-negative units PN which are used at the intermediate portions of the sides of the floor have two pairs of oppositely arranged side walls which are of different design. The top wall 39 is of greater width between the two side walls 40 which will lie along a section of a beam which is subject to positive bending moments than it is between the other pair of walls H which are placed at a section subject to negative bending moments. Each sidewall l0 is of the same design and size asthe walls of the positive units l? and each side wall 41 is identical with the side wallsof the negativeunits N. The lower section of the positive-n(- gative unit has a bottom wall 42 and side walls d3, l4 which embody the same construction as the corresponding walls of the positive and negative units respectively. Each section of the unit is reentorced with complementary ribs 45, itiWl'llCll take the shape of an inscribed nictangle andshort ribs connecting the same to the adjacent side walls. The reentorceing ribs meet at a horizontal plane which passes approximately through the center of the block and the complementary side walls meet along serrated surfaces 47, 48 which pass below and above the meeting plane of the reeni orcing ribs.

It will be noted that the meeting surfaces of the positive and negative unit blocks are not identical in design as the inclined surfaces slope upwardly from the four corners of the upper section of the positive unit P and the corresponding surfaces slope downwardly from the corners of the negative unit N. This difference in structure prevents the inac vertent assembling of two sections which are not designed for use at a particularpoint in the floor structure. Neither section of the positive-negative unit blocks would match with the other section of either the positive or negative units.

Two-way floors constructed in accordance with the invention are characterized by the higli ratio of live to dead load and by a relatively. wide spacing of the beams. The blocks are formed of concrete and are securely con nected to the reinforced concrete to form a monolithic construction. The relatively deep recesses in each side wall lock the sections against horizontal and vertical shear andthe the floors are thinner and of less weight than floors constructed with blocks which act merely as fillers, or which are of the same size and shape throughout the length of the beam; Due to the lighter weight and reduced thickness of the floors for a given loading, shorter and lighter walls or pillars may be'used to support the flooring, thus effecting a further economy in construction costs.

The use of two-part blocks presents a number of advantagesover prior unitary block construction. Each section of the blocks may be reenforced by internal ribs and the block can thereforebe made in greater widths and with thinner walls than is practical with unitary blocks- The' conduits for electrical wiring, water pipes and the like may be placed in the channels formed by the lower sections and before the upper sections are applied.

The recesses in the side walls provide relatively weak sections which may be knocked out when conduits or pipes are to be laid transversely of the beams. The separation of the sections along surfaces which are difierent for the three types of blocks prevents mistakes in laying the floor structure. The difference in width of the types of units permits a rapid check, by inspection, on the proper positioning of the diiierent types in; the sections of the floor.

Iclaim: I

1. A floor construction of the type in which a portion of the floor is subject to positive bending moments and anotherportionis subject to negative bending moments, said floor construction comprising hollow blocks aligned in two directions and spaced from each other to provide intersecting channels between opposed walls of the blocks in adjacent rows, tension members in said channels, and concrete in saidchannels and cooperating with said block and tension members to provide two intersecting sets of beams, each of the channel-forming walls of the several blocks having a portion which contractsinwardly, with respect to the remaining portions of the same channel-forming wall, to provide a channel of greatest width at the tension sides of the beams, whereby the form of the channel-forming walls of each block is dee termined by the algebraic sign of the bending moment at the section of the beamin which a the particular channel-formingwall is incor- 4. A two-way floor construction of the type including parallel rows of hollow blocks, the blocks being spaced apart in the rows and aligned transversely of the rows to provide intersecting channels, and reenforced concrete in each of said channels, characterized by the fact that the width of the blocks lying between adjacent beams at av section subject to positive bending moments is greater than the width of the blocks lying between the same adjacent beams at a section subject to negative bending moments.

5. The invention as set forth in claim 4, wherein the side walls of each block are inwardly contracted along thoseportions of the adjacent beams which are subject to ten: sion.

6. The invention as set forth in claim 4, wherein each of said blocks comprises an upper and a lowersection, each of said block sections having four side walls and one closed end, complementaryside walls ters minating in non-planer surfaces for locking the assembled sections against'lateral dis placement; 7

7. In a two-way floor construction, a plurality of filler blocks each having four spacing flanges of equal length for aligning the blocks in two directions and for spacing adjacent side walls from each other to form two sets of intersecting channels, and concrete andreenforcing members in said channels, said blocks each having parallel top and bottom walls and having four side walls, the width of the blocks between opposite side walls being determined by the charac ter of the bending moment at the section of the beam in which the respective side walls are incorporated, and being greater at sections subject to positive bending moments than at sections subject to. negative bend.- ing moments.

8. The invention as set forth in claim 7, wherein each of said blocks comprises two complementary sections which separate adjacent a horizontal plane midway between the top and bottom surfaces, the meeting surfaces of the side walls of a block of one width being different from those of the side walls of a block of the other width.

9. The invention as set forth in claim 7, wherein the side walls of the said blocks are recessed to provide a lock against vertical and horizontal shear.

10. The invention as set forth in claim 7, wherein each of said blocks comprises two complementary sections having meeting surfaces which lock the sections against horizontal displacement, and the side walls of each of said sections is provided with flaring recesses to loci: the section against vertical and horizontal shear.

'11. A filler block for use in a two-way floor construction comprising parallel top and bottom walls, and four side walls, each of said side walls having a portion extending substantially normal to said top and bottom walls, and aisecond portion inwardly contracted from said first portion and arranged at that section of the side wall which defines the tension section of the floor beam into which the respective side wall is to be incorporated.

12. A filler block for use in a two-way floor construction comprising two complementary sections providing parallel top and bottom walls and four side walls, said side walls being provided with oppositely flaring recesses for locking the sections against vertical and transverse shear with respect to the beams in which the filler block is to be incorporated.

13. A filler block for use in a two-way floor construction comprising two complementary sections each having an end wall, four side walls and an internal reenforcing rib which terminates approximately at the horizontal median plane of the block, each of said side walls terminating in oppositely inclined surfaces crossing the plane of the end of the adjacent reenforcing rib;

14. A filler block for use in a two-way floor construction comprising two complementary sections which when assembled form asubstantially retangular block having top and bottom walls parallel to each other, four side walls extending therebetween and four bottom spacing flanges of equal length, said sections having roenforcing ribs extending between the side walls thereof, the ribs of the separate sections being in vertical alignment and meeting substantially at a horizontal plane through the center of the block. 1

15, A filler block as set forth in claim 14;, wherein the respective complementary side walls meetalong serrated surfaces, whereby the sections are locked against horizontal displacement. I

16. A positive unit filler block comprising an upper section having a top wall and four side walls normal to and extending downwardly therefrom, a lower section having abottom wall parallel to said top wall, and side walls extending upwardly to and forming continuations of the said side walls of the upper section, the side walls of said lower section being contracted inwardly at the bottoms thereof. v

17. A positive unit filler block for use in two-way floor constructions comprising an upper section having four side walls and a top wall normal thereto, and a lower section having a bottom wall parallel to said top wall and having four side walls the upper parts of which form a continuation of the side walls of the upper section, and the lower parts of which are inwardly contracted, the side walls of each of said sections being provided with recesses which extend from and flare outwardly from the meeting edges of the respective walls.

' 18. A positive unit filler block as set forth in claim 17, wherein each recess of one section is in vertical alignment with a recess of the other section.

19. A negative unit-filler block for twoway floor constructions comprising a pair of complementary sections having side walls which meet approximately at the horizontal median plane through the block, the upper section comprising a top wall and four walls extending downwardly and flaring ontwardly therefrom, and the lower section comprising a bottom wall parallel to said top wall, and four side walls normal thereto and merging into the respective side walls of the upper section.

20. A negative unit block as set forth in claim 19, wherein each side wall is provided with vertically disposed recesses which flare outwardly from the central portion thereof.

21. A positive-negative unit filler block of approximately rectangular form, said block having parallel top and bottom walls, two

oppositely arranged side walls which 'contract inwardly at the tops thereof and two oppositely arranged side walls which contract inwardlv at the bottoms thereof.

22. A positive-negative unit filler block as set forth in claim 21 wherein those portions of each side wall which are not contracted inwardly are substantially normal to said a top and bottom walls.

23. A positive-negative unit filler block as set forthin claim 21, wherein each of said side walls is provided with flaring recesses for locking the block against vertical and horizontal shear when incorporated in a floor structure.

24. A positive-negative unit filler blockas set forth in claim 21, wherein said block comprises complementary sections meeting ap proximately at the horizontal median plane of the block. 7

25. A positive-negative unit filler block for use in a two-way floor construction comprising parallel top and bottom walls, four spacing flanges of equal length projecting from said bottom Wall, pairs of opposed side walls, the walls of each pair being of symmetrical construction and the width between the walls of one pair being greater than that between walls of the other pair, the walls of the pair of greater spacing being inwardly contracted at the bottoms thereof and the walls of the pair of lesser spacing being inwardly contracted at the tops thereof. a

idly connected to their supports, hollow blocks aligned in two directions and spaced from each other to provide intersecting chan nels between opposed walls of blocks in adjacent rows, tension members and concrete in said channels and cooperating with said blocks to provide two intersecting sets of beams, each of said blocks comprising two sections whose side walls meet and mechanically interlock substantially at the horizontal central plane of the beams, the form of the channel-forming walls of each block being determined by the algebraic sign of the bending moment at that section of a beam in which the particular channel-forming wall is incorporated and consisting of a substantially vertical section at the compression side of the beam and an inwardly contracted section at the tension side of the beam.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

THOMAS H. TISE. 

